Risk Factor Analysis of Residential Topography and Age on Prostate Cancer Incidence

Abstract

GLOBOCAN stated that prostate cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the world. Previously, prostate cancer incidence rates in Asian populations were lower than Western populations. In recent years, the incidence rate of prostate cancer in Asia has increased rapidly. Indonesia ranks 10th out of 32 Asian countries. Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease, including age and topographical factors of residence. Prostate cancer risk factors need to be identified to target primary and secondary prevention. Pesticide-specific exposure in rice field areas accumulates in the environment and becomes a pathology. Literature studies from various sources related to these risk factors are still very limited. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of residential topography and age on prostate cancer incidence. An observational analytic study was conducted with a case-control design. 177 samples were obtained by total sampling method, with prostate cancer as the case group and benign prostate hyperplasia as the control group. Age variable parameters are less than or more than 65 years. The residential topography criteria are narrow and large rice fields around the sample residence. The chi-square test result found a significant correlation between residential topography with prostate cancer incidence (p= 0.028, OR= 2.155) and correlation between age factor with prostate cancer incidence (p=0.018, OR=2.187). Age had a 2.009-fold higher risk of prostate cancer incidence than the topography of residence. In conclusion, the topographic profile of the rice field area around the residence and age has a significant risk factor on prostate cancer incidence.