Journal of Biobased Chemicals

Extraction of Essential Oils from Sweet Orange Leaves (Citrus Aurantium) Using the Microwave Hydrodistillation (MHD) Method

2023-09-07T09:40:06+07:00

This study aims to utilize sweet lime leaves which are only waste that has no value, where sweet lime leaves are one of the ingredients that contain essential oils. Apart from the skin, it turns out that this sweet lime leaf can also be extracted using the Microwave Hydrodistillation (MHD) method. This study uses three variables namely; the F/S ratio used was 0.375 g/mL; 0.5g/mL; 0.65 g/mL, power 150 watts, 300 watts, and 450 watts, and time 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The extraction method is carried out using fresh ingredients with a solvent volume of 200 ml. The test carried out is the GC-MS test. The results of the test method and the purpose of this study were to determine the limonene content in the extraction of sweet lime leaves using the MHD method with variations in ratio, power, and time. The optimum yield of essential oils is at a power of 300 W, 90 minutes, and a ratio of 0.625 with a yield of 0.373%. The biggest components produced in the MHD method of extracting citrus leaves were Germacrene D 29.51%, Alpha-Copaene 18.47%, CIS-CAROPHYLNE 15.42%, 9-Eicosene (E) 8.58% and Limonene 5.51%.

Article Reviews: Bioethanol Production from Biomass Waste using Fermentation with the Assistance of Yeast

2023-07-21T11:41:31+07:00

Bioethanol is an ethanol compound made from biomass containing starch, sugar and cellulose. The most common production of bioethanol uses hydrolysis and fermentation methods. The following article aims to compare the levels of bioethanol produced from various types of biomass using various methods. The method used can be in the form of variations in the concentration of acids and bases used in hydrolysis, fermentation time and the mass of yeast used. The results of the review of the article found that the highest levels of bioethanol were obtained from bioethanol made from banana peels by hydrolysis and fermentation methods. The glucose level produced was 3.13% and the bioethanol content obtained was 13.54% with a fermentation time of 144 hours.

Keywords: Bioethanol, Fermentation, Hydrolysis, Yeast, Glucose

Evaluation of the Effect of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on the Performance of Membrane Bioreactor for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

2023-10-03T12:21:59+07:00

Water pollution, especially from industry, is a problem that continues to emerge and even get worse. Rising sludge events often occur in industrial wastewater treatment processes. Process engineering with the addition of microalgae is proposed in this study to overcome the occurrence of rising sludge and improve wastewater quality based on dissolved oxygen levels. The control variables used were MLSS 1000 mg/L, microalgae Chlorella vulgaris 106 L, and urea and TSP 1,75 kg each. The dependent variable is rising sludge and DO levels while the independent variable is time. This research went through several stages, namely seeding microalgae, seeding microalgae into activated sludge in MBBR, experimenting with combining microalgae and activated sludge in MBBR, and installing ultrafiltration membranes with a WWTP capacity of 150 m³/day. The addition of microalgae in the MBBR process has a positive impact in improving the quality of industrial wastewater, which is characterized by the absence of rising sludge and DO levels exceeding the minimum threshold.

Optimizing the Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Making Paving Blocks

2023-09-21T08:16:03+07:00

One of the sugar industries produces bagasse ash in large quantities. Bagasse ash in the sugar industry cannot be utilized. Bagasse ash has a relatively high silica content of 68.5% which can be used as a substitute material to reduce the use of cement in the manufacture of paving blocks. In this study, the manufacture of concrete bricks used the manual pressing method. Paving blocks are made of sand, cement, bagasse ash, rock ash and water. The ratio of cement, rock ash and sand using a ratio of 1:2:6 with variations of bagasse ash 10, 20 and 30%. The test results obtained the highest quality concrete bricks on drying day 7 with 214 kg/cm2 obtaining B quality based on SNI 03-0691-1996 and the compressive strength of the resulting concrete bricks will increase with increasing drying time. This innovation can increase the usability of bagasse ash and become a new business opportunity for the sugar industry.

The Extraction of Flavonoid Compounds from Red Betel Leaves (Piper Crocatum) Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Method

2023-09-06T11:29:43+07:00

Red betel leaf is one of the medicinal plants known for its beneficial antioxidant content in maintaining overall health. One of the types of antioxidants found in red betel leaf is flavonoids. In this study, the extraction of red betel leaf was conducted using the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method with the aim of analyzing the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in the red betel leaf. A 90% ethanol solvent was used, and the extraction variables included the ratio of material to solvent, particle size, and extraction time, which were determined using Design Expert13 software. The flavonoid test was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 431 nm. The analysis of antioxidant activity was conducted using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The highest flavonoid content obtained was 263.676 mgQE/g under the optimum operating conditions with a particle size of 100 mesh, a material-to-solvent ratio of 0.06, and an extraction time of 25 minutes.