Journal of Biobased Chemicals

Extraction of Polyphenols from Horn Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca var. Typica) Using the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Method

Muhammad Yongki Ivan Sugesta — 2024-06-21

Banana peel contains starch, protein, fat, total fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, pectin, amino acids, polyphenols and micronutrients. Horn banana peelhas many benefits, namely it can be processed into a natural antioxidant material that can minimize banana skin waste. The banana peel extraction method used is Ultrasound Assisted Extraction. Ultrasound Assisted Extraction at optimal conditions produces good levels of total polyphenols with a short extraction time. In the use of ultrasonic no additional chemicals or other materials are needed. This study aims to determine the effect of extraction time (10, 20, 30 minutes), extraction temperature (20, 30, 40℃) and solvent ratio (gr/mL) (1:25, 1:30, 1:35) on polyphenols. The Design Expert V13 program with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to determine the combination of extraction parameters that lead to optimal results for total polyphenol content. Based on the research that has been done, it can be stated that the extraction parameters affect the total polyphenol content. The highest total polyphenol content was 61,007 mg GAE/g sample with the extraction conditions at an extraction temperature of 30℃, an extraction time of 30 minutes, and a ratio of banana peel powder to a dissolution of 1:30 g/mL.

Keywords : Banana Peel, Polyphenols, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction

Extraction of Turmeric Leaves (Curcuma longa L.) as a Natural Preservative for Tuna Fish Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Method

Isni Salma Salsabillah Salma — 2024-06-21

Turmeric leaves (Curcuma longa L.) contain phytochemical compounds that can be utilized as natural food preservatives or bioformalin due to its antibacterial properties. The extraction method used in this study is Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), with the aim to determine the effect of variable sample-solvent ratio, time, and particle size on total flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid compounds, as well as to determine the optimal shelf life of fresh tuna. This study used sample-solvent ratio variables of 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20; time variables of 10, 20, and 30 minutes; and particle size variables of 60, 80, and 100 mesh. The highest total flavonoid compound was obtained in the variable sample-solvent ratio of 1:20, particle size of 100 mesh, and time of 20 minutes at 98,076 mg/L. The highest total tannin compound was obtained in the variable sample-solvent ratio of 1:15, particle size of 60 mesh, and time of 10 minutes at 41,697 mg/L. The highest total alkaloid compound was obtained in the variable sample-solvent ratio of 1:10, particle size of 100 mesh, and time of 20 minutes at 10,092 mg/L. The optimum curing time for tuna is 36 hours at room temperature with variable sample-solvent ratio, time, and particle size of 1:20 g/mL, 20 minutes, and 100 mesh with 20% concentration. The running has the highest flavonoid compounds, so it can be concluded that flavonoid compounds have a major effect on the preservation process of tuna.

Microwave-Assisted Hydrolysis of Robusta Coffee Skin Waste as a Reducing Sugar Feedstock

Khairur Rahman Ilyas Iriel — 2024-06-21

The hydrolysis process is a process of breaking down substances by reacting using water, the aim is to break down the substance. This research focuses on the hydrolysis process to determine the reducing sugar content of coffee parchment. The method used is microwave-assisted hydrolysis. This method can increase lignin release more effectively than conventional cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis methods. The most commonly used hydrolysis to hydrolyze cellulose is acid hydrolysis. This research uses coffee parchment raw material (horn skin) which contains cellulose and hemicellulose with HCl solvent. Hydrolysis with acid concentration is (1, 2, and 3 %), microwave power (150, 300, and 450 W), and time (20, 25, and 30 minutes). In this study, the optimal reducing sugar yield was 8.054 g/mL under the operating conditions of 25 minutes, 3 % HCl concentration, and 450 W microwave power.

Dragon Fruit Peel Anthocyanin Extraction Using the Solvent Extraction Method

Mohammad Fathur Rohman Yulianto — 2024-06-21

Dragon fruit peel contains 26.4587 mg/L of anthocyanin. Anthocyanins have benefits such as natural dyes in the food sector and are used as an alternative to synthetic dyes which are of course also safer for health. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of extraction variables (time, solvent concentration, and particle size) on the anthocyanin content of dragon fruit peel from extraction results using the Solvent Extraction method. In general, the definition of Solvent Extraction is a technique of separating one or several materials from a solid or liquid with the help of a solvent. So, Solvent Extraction is the transfer of a dissolved substance (solute) between two solvents that do not mix with each other. The extraction process begins with the coagulation of the extract with the solvent, then contact occurs between the material and the solvent so that on the flat surface of the interface between the extraction material and the solvent, mass deposition occurs by diffusion. The extraction process starts with 25 grams of dragon fruit peel powder with varying particle sizes (30, 60, and 80 mesh) then put into an Erlenmeyer tube. Then 250 ml of citric acid solution was added with varying concentrations (0.1 M; 0.2 M; and 0.3 M). After that, the Erlenmeyer flask is placed on the stirrer to stir for (90, 120, and 150 minutes). After that, the extraction results are filtered using filter paper to produce a filtrate. Then the filtrate is precipitated to obtain anthocyanin extract. After that, it was analyzed using a spectrophotometric method to calculate anthocyanin levels. In this study, the best results were obtained, namely 11.439 mg/L. With optimal extraction conditions at a particle size of 60 Mesh, time of 150 minutes, and a solvent concentration of 0.5 M citric acid.

Optimization Transesterification Reaction in the Synthesis of Biodiesel from Household Catering Waste Cooking Oil

Putri Eka Yulianda Putri — 2024-06-21

Biodiesel is an alternative energy source for diesel engines or diesel fuel which is carried out using the transesterification method. Used cooking oil is reacted with methanol which will produce methyl ester and glycerol with the help of a base catalyst in the form of NaOH. The aim of this research is to optimize the biodiesel obtained. The synthesis reaction for biodiesel was carried out at temperatures of 55°C, 60°C, 65°C and with varying times of 60, 90, and 120 minutes, with a volume ratio of used cooking oil-methanol, namely 1:4, 1:5, and 1; 6. The highest yield was 61.9404% and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was proven to be significant and fulfilled as in the Design Expert 13 Software.