Journal of Biobased Chemicals

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanop Biosintesis Nanopartikel Seng Oksida dengan Ekstrak Limbah Kulit Pisang Tanduk (Musa paradisiaca fa. corniculata)

Imam Wahyu Beny Nugroho — 2024-12-05

The high amount of banana consumption in Indonesia has caused banana peel waste to increase, which can cause environmental pollution. One of the utilization of banana peel waste is as a metal nanoparticle synthesis. This study aims to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles with banana peel extract as a capping agent and determine the effect of solvent volume variation on the characterization of ZnO particles using variable volume of ethanol-water solvent with a ratio of 2:1 and 1:1 (v/v). This research uses maceration extraction method for 24 hours. Characterization of ZnO particles was carried out including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). In this study, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content in ethanol - water 1:1 (v/v) horn banana peel extract was higher at 4.944% and 5.940% than ethanol - water 2:1 (v/v) at 4.114% and 4.131%. Based on the results of FTIR testing, both samples have ZnO peaks where in ethanol - water 1:1 (v/v), 441 cm-1 and 619 cm-1, while ethanol - water 2:1 (v/v) is 428 cm-1. Then, from the PSA test results, the ethanol-water 1:1 (v/v) sample has a smaller average nanoparticle diameter of 135.6 nm than the ethanol-water 2:1 (v/v) sample which is 153.6 nm. ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the natural capping agent banana peel extract. Different levels of secondary metabolites in each extract have an influence on the diameter of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.

Kinetics Extraction of Arabica Coffee Bean (Coffea Arabica)

Lailatul Fatma — 2024-12-05

Coffee beans are the seeds of the coffee plant and a source of coffee beverages. Arabica coffee beans contain oil which has many benefits. The process of extracting oil (solute) in coffee can be done through solvent extraction (leaching). The coffee bean oil extraction process uses n-hexane as a solvent because it can dissolve compounds that have the same properties. The purpose of this research was to study the extraction of essential oil from Arabica coffee beans and to determine the kinetic model of extraction of essential oil from Arabica coffee beans by leaching. The process of separating coffee oil and solvent using thermogravimetric analysis with a temperature of 80℃ until the sample mass is constant. The variables used were temperature and time. The extraction time is 2 hours with retrieval time every 10 minutes. The temperature used is 30°, 40°, and 50℃ with a ratio of material and solvent 1:10. The results showed that the kinetics of arabica coffee extraction followed the second-order extraction kinetics model. The second-order kinetic parameter values of arabica coffee essential oil extraction namely extraction capacity (Cs) at 30°, 40°, and 50℃ were 5.45836, 5,46, and 5.46001 g L^-1, respectively, the rate of the initial extraction (h) was 0,00762718, 0,00756716, and 0,0104452 gL^-1minute^-1, the extraction rate constant (k) was 0,000256, 0,000254, and 0,00035 g^-1L^-1minute^-1, and determination values of 0,9965, 0,9967 and 0,9983.

Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Coffee Husk with Acetone Using Microwave Assisted Extraction Method and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds

Theressa Julieta — 2024-12-05

Nowadays, the use of coffee husk is limited to animal feed and fertilizer. Therefore, a study was conducted using Robusta coffee husk waste as a raw material for research. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of several variables and to determine the optimum conditions in the process of extracting bioactive compounds from coffee husk waste. Coffee husk waste will be extracted using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with acetone solvent, with several variables, namely the ratio of material to solvent, microwave power, and extraction time. Analysis of the identification of phenolic compound content was then also carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The variables of material ratio, extraction time, and microwave power were proven to be interrelated so that they could produce total phenol at optimum conditions. The optimum conditions for extracting bioactive compounds from coffee husk waste were obtained at a material ratio of 0.04 g/ml; time of 9 minutes; and power of 300 watts, with a total phenol yield of 8.65 GAE/g sample.

Kinetic Extraction of Moringa Oleifera Leaves using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Method

Reinaldi Rizky Pratama — 2024-12-05

Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) are part of a plant that has a leaves-like shape with various high health and nutritional benefits, and contains vitamins, minerals, proteins and bioactive compounds, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This research aims to study extraction, determine the presence of tannin content in Moringa leaves and determine the kinetic model of extraction of Moringa leaves extract yield using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The Moringa leaves extraction process is carried out using 96% ethanol solvent and using the MAE method which can help maximize the extraction yield. The extraction process was carried out with varying power of 150 watts, material to solvent ratio of 1:15 b/v and extraction times of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes. The research results showed that the highest yield value was obtained at the 10th minute extraction time, namely 10.25%. The extraction kinetic model that is suitable for extracting tannin compounds from Moringa leaves is order 2, where the R2 0.9897 valuen is higher than order 1 and the value is almost close to 1.

The Effect of Time, Ph and Starter Concentration on Bioethanol Content in the Tobacco Stem Fermentation Process

Putri Ayu Salsabila — 2024-12-05

The depletion of fossil fuels has now occurred in various parts of the world. Meanwhile, the demand for fuel energy continues to increase. This condition encourages researchers to look for alternative fuels with high availability of raw materials. Bioethanol is an environmentally friendly renewable energy with biomass production raw materials, it can be an alternative solution to replace fuel oil. One of the biomass that has the potential to be used as a raw material for bioethanol production is tobacco. Tobacco stems have high cellulose and hemicellulose content so that they can be used in bioethanol production. This research method uses base pretreatment and base hydrolyzate, then fermentation and distillation processes are carried out. The results of tobacco stem bioethanol were analyzed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach, Central Composite Design (CCD) model. During the fermentation process, three independent variables were used, namely the fermentation time of 72-168 hours, pH 4-5, and starter concentration of 0.1% - 0.3%. The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of ethanol content showed that the significant variables were the fermentation time and starter concentration. The results of the CCD analysis were obtained at optimum time conditions of 120 hours, pH 4.5 and starter concentration of 0.2% with a bioethanol content of 23.007%.