Journal of Agropharmacy

Optimasi Moringa Gum dan Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa dalam Sediaan Mucoadhesive Buccal Film Diltiazem Hidroklorida

Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala Sari — 2025-03-31

Moringa gum is a natural polymer obtained from Moringa oleifera plant and has been used as a stabilizer, binder, disintegrant, and controlled release matrix. Moringa gum has a polyuronide group, which can potentially be a mucoadhesive agent. This study used moringa gum as a mucoadhesive agent in diltiazem HCl mucoadhesive buccal film. This research aimed to determine the effect of the combination of moringa gum and HPMC on surface pH, swelling index, and in-vitro mucoadhesive residence time. Mucoadhesive buccal films were evaluated for weight and thickness uniformity, folding resistance, drug content, surface pH, swelling index, in-vitro mucoadhesive residence time, and characterization in the form of FTIR and release studies. All formulations met the tests of uniformity of weight and thickness, folding resistance, and drug content. The results showed FB as the optimum formula with a surface pH of 5.803±0.101, a swelling index of 7.031±0.134, and a residence time of 505.67±4.51 minutes. FTIR showed no interaction, and the release study showed 82.197±1.178% release at 480 minutes. In conclusion, a combination of moringa gum and HPMC mucoadhesive buccal film has been successfully prepared with moringa gum as a mucoadhesive agent that increases the residence time.

Formulasi Krim Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan Seng Oksida Sebagai Sediaan Tabir Surya

Viddy Agustian Rosyidi — 2025-03-31

Sunscreen has two types of working mechanisms, namely chemical absorber and physical blocker. Sunscreens are usually made from synthetic chemicals, but currently there are many natural ingredients that have potential as sunscreens and are believed to have little negative effect compared to synthetic chemicals. One example of a natural ingredient that has potential as a sunscreen is kersen leaves. Kersen leaves contain quite a lot of flavonoid and polyphenol compounds, therefore cherry leaves have the potential to be an antioxidant and natural sunscreen. The effectiveness of cherry leaf sunscreen can be optimized by adding a physical blocker sunscreen ingredient, namely zinc oxide. Based on research results, the in vitro effectiveness value of sunscreen cream preparations provides the best results with an SPF value of 2.193 ± 0.152 which is included in the minimal protection category with a reduction in the percentage transmission value of erythema (%TE) of 1.513 ± 0.523 which is included in the sunblock category. and the percent pigmentation transmission (%TP) value was 1,378 ± 0.325, which is included in the sunblock category.

Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Blush On Powder Ekstrak Buah Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Sebagai Pewarna Alami

Mikhania Christiningtyas Eryani — 2025-03-31

Blush on is a cosmetic product that is used to provide color or add aesthetics to facial makeup. Tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) contains red carotenoid pigments which can be used as natural dyes. This research aims to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of blush on tomato fruit extract with concentrations of 3% (F1),5% (F2) and 7% (F3). The results of organoleptic research showed that F1 was light orange, F2 was bright orange and F3 was bright orange. The entire formula smells of rosae, has a smooth and homogeneous texture. The pH value of the entire formula is 6.0. Evaluation of spreadability shows that the entire formula adheres after 5 applications. The conclusion of this research is that tomato fruit extract has an effect on the physical properties of blush on powder, namely organoleptic odor and color. However, it has no effect on organoleptic texture, pH, homogeneity and spreadability

Validasi Metode Penentuan Kadar Asam Klorogenat dan Kafein secara Simultan pada Serbuk Daun Kopi Robusta (Coffea Canephora) dengan Metode KLT Densitometri

Tiara Sagita Putri Aditama — 2025-03-31

Coffee contains bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Chlorogenic acid is recognized as a natural antioxidant, while caffeine is widely used to reduce fatigue and drowsiness. This study aims to simultaneously determine the content of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in robusta coffee leaf powder (Coffea canephora) using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) densitometry. The study identified an optimal eluent composition of ethyl acetate:formic acid:distilled water (18:1:1), with maximum wavelengths of 330 nm for chlorogenic acid and 274 nm for caffeine. High linearity was demonstrated with correlation coefficients of 0.993 for chlorogenic acid and 0.994 for caffeine. Sensitivity was validated with LOD values of 100.664 ng for chlorogenic acid and 297.232 ng for caffeine, and LOQ values of 301.994 ng for chlorogenic acid and 891.697 ng for caffeine. Selectivity was confirmed as the method effectively separated chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and other compounds with a resolution (Rs) ≥ 1.5, while specificity was evidenced through purity and identity values exceeding 0.99. Precision was proven through repeatability (%RSD for chlorogenic acid: 2.94%; caffeine: 2.27%) and intermediate precision (%RSD for chlorogenic acid: 2.26%; caffeine: 2.18%). Accuracy was achieved with mean recovery rates of 102.22% for chlorogenic acid and 99.73% for caffeine. The determination of chlorogenic acid and caffeine concentrations in robusta coffee leaf powder revealed variations between samples: PTPN XII Renteng yielded 2.278% ± 0.209% for chlorogenic acid and 1.171% ± 0.821% for caffeine, while Puslitkoka Indonesia samples showed 1.238% ± 0.206% for chlorogenic acid and 0.917% ± 0.823% for caffeine. Based on validation parameter assessments, the method is deemed valid as it meets all acceptance criteria for each parameter. This research provides an efficient and accurate analytical approach for simultaneous determination of bioactive compounds in robusta coffee leaves.

Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien ISPA non Pneumonia Rawat Jalan dengan pendekatan Drug Utilization 90%

Ema Rachmawati — 2025-03-31

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are infections most commonly caused by viruses, and antibiotics are not always necessary. However, antibiotics are still frequently used needlessly in ARI patients. Unreasonably using antibiotics can affect the likelihood of adverse medication reactions, raise medical expenses, and lead to antibiotic resistance. Regular assessments are required to prevent the overuse of antibiotics. This surveillance study uses retrospective and cross-sectional data to monitor antibiotic use. We measured the amount of antibiotic use using the DDD method in combination with DU 90%. Outpatient non-pneumonia ARI patients at the Teja Health Center in the Pamekasan Regency in 2020 served as the study's sample. The study's samples consisted of 193 adult non-pneumonia ARI patients. The kind and quantity of antibiotics used were gathered from patient medical records. The daily consumption of each antibiotic was calculated in DDD/1000 inhabitants/day, then grouped into the DU 90% segment. Six types of antibiotics were used for the therapy of non-pneumonia ARI patients: amoxicillin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, cefadroxil, and ciprofloxacin. The most widely used antibiotic is co-trimoxazole, valued at 4.71 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day. Two antibiotics are included in the 90% DU segment: co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin. This shows that the selection of antibiotics in ARI cases is increasingly specific. However, the use of co-trimoxazole in the therapy of non-pneumonia ARI needs to be further evaluated to assess the accuracy of drug prescription. This is because co-trimoxazole is not included in one of the antibiotic choices in the therapy management guidelines.

Daftar Isi

2025-03-31